AMC 10 Step by Step

2024 AMC 10B

All 25 problems, 75 minutes, scored 6 / 1.5 / 0. The answer key and the idea behind each problem are on this page too, folded away until you ask for them.

The problems

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This gives away all 25 answers and the idea behind each one. Sit the paper first if you mean to.

#AnswerTopicDifficultyKey insight
1BBasic CountingPosition from the left plus position from the right counts the same person twice, so the line has 1013 + 1010 - 1 people.
2BAlgebraic ManipulationSince 10 * 9 * 8 = 720 = 6!, the expression is 7! * 720 minus 7! * 720, which is zero.
3EAbsolute Value & Inequalities7 pi is just under 22, so |x| <= 10.99, giving the 21 integers from -10 to 10.
4DSequences & SeriesStep n ends at triangular number n(n+1)/2; since 2016 < 2024 <= 2080, ball 2024 is in step 64, and 64 mod 5 = 4 means bin D.
5BSequences & SeriesThe total is 2500; flipping terms subtracts twice their sum, so flipped terms must exceed 1250, and the largest k odd numbers sum to k(100 - k).
6BDivisibility & Factors2024 = 45^2 - 1 = 44 * 46, a factor pair as close to sqrt(2024) as integers allow, so the perimeter is 2(44 + 46) = 180.
7AModular ArithmeticFactor out 7^2024 to leave 1 + 7 + 49 = 57 = 3 * 19, so the whole sum is a multiple of 19.
8DDivisibility & FactorsDivisors pair up into products equal to 42, and 42 has 8 divisors, so N = 42^4, whose units digit is that of 2^4 = 16.
9AAlgebraic ManipulationSquare the sum: (a+b+c)^2 = a^2+b^2+c^2 + 2(ab+bc+ca), so 0 = 30 + 2(ab+bc+ca) gives ab+bc+ca = -15, mean -5.
10ASimilar & Congruent TrianglesTriangles AFE and CFB are similar with ratio 1:2, so [AFE] = 1 gives [CFB] = 4, and every other region follows from area ratios.
11CSimilar & Congruent TrianglesEqual areas force XM = 2 ZA; the right angle at M makes WXM and MYA similar, pinning ZA = 1; subtract three corner triangles from 32.
12ABasic CountingStudents correspond to distinct k-subsets of n languages; the most such subsets is C(n, n/2), and C(8,4) = 70 < 100 <= 126 = C(9,4).
13BExponents, Logarithms & Radicalssqrt(1183) = 13 sqrt(7) forces sqrt(x) = m sqrt(7), sqrt(y) = n sqrt(7), m + n = 13; then 7(m^2 + n^2) is least at 6, 7.
14BGeometric ProbabilityThe target is the annulus 18 <= x^2 + y^2 <= 32, area 14 pi, fully inside the diamond of area 128 (inradius sqrt32).
15CStatistics & DataThe median must be one of x, y, z; the mean forces x+y+z = 11.2 or 20.2; the range forces x = 0, z = 8, or z = x+7.
16AGames & ProcessesEach move removes three numbers, so the count stays 2 mod 3, and odd numbers never exceed the initial 1012; both limits leave 1010.
17DArrangements with RestrictionsSplit by the size k of the single tie: choose the tied snails, then order the 6-k blocks: C(5,k)(6-k)!, plus 5! untied.
18BModular ArithmeticMultiples of 5 give remainder 0; otherwise n^4 = 1+5k and two fifth powers lift this to n^100 = 1 (mod 125).
19CCoordinate GeometryTwo lattice points force a rational slope, and one lattice point plus a rational slope forces infinitely many; so each row allows exactly two of the four counts.
20AArrangements with RestrictionsAn L beside an R must be its mate, so no shoe touches two opposite-type shoes; 8 L/R patterns survive, each boundary locking a pair.
21CCirclesCircles of radii r, s tangent to each other and the floor touch it 2sqrt(rs) apart; the third pipe fits between (1/9) or beyond (1).
22ABasic CountingLine up 16 people in four blocks with chair and secretary first: count is 16!/(4! 2^4), with 3^6 in 16! and 3^1 in 4!.
23BSequences & SeriesThe ratios F_{2n}/F_n are the Lucas numbers 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, ... with the same recurrence, so just add ten small terms.
24EModular ArithmeticOver denominator 8, P(m) is an integer iff 8 divides 4m+2m^2+m^4+m^8; even m is trivial, odd m gives 4(m+1).
25ESystems of Equations2p or 7p never equals 3p+1, so each new dimension comes from a different edge: 7p = 3q+1, 2q = 3r+1, 2r = 3p+1.

Problems © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. The topic tags, difficulty ratings and key insights on this page are original to this site. No problem statements are reproduced here — each links to its own page.