AMC 10 Step by Step

2007 AMC 10B

All 25 problems, 75 minutes, scored 6 / 1.5 / 0. The answer key and the idea behind each problem are on this page too, folded away until you ask for them.

The problems

Show the answer key, topics and key insights

This gives away all 25 answers and the idea behind each one. Sit the paper first if you mean to.

#AnswerTopicDifficultyKey insight
1ESolid GeometryEach room's four walls form a band of perimeter 44 feet and height 8 feet; subtract the 60 square feet of openings, then triple.
2EFunctionsBoth products share the factor a + b = 8, so the difference is 8 times (5 - 3) = 16.
3BRatios, Percents & AveragesAverage mileage is total miles over total gallons: 240 miles on 4 + 6 = 10 gallons gives 24, not the naive average 25.
4DCirclesThe three central angles sum to 360, so angle AOC = 100, and the inscribed angle ABC on the same arc is half of it.
5DLogic PuzzlesThe facts chain into nested sets Crups inside Dramps inside Arogs inside Brafs, so anything about Crups being Arogs or Brafs is forced.
6DLinear Equations & Word ProblemsThe three blanks bank 4.5 points, so she needs 6c >= 95.5, and the smallest whole number of correct answers is 16.
7EAngles & PolygonsDrawing CE splits the pentagon into square ABCE and equilateral triangle CDE, so angle E is 90 + 60.
8DBasic Countingb is determined by a and c, and b is an integer exactly when a and c have the same parity, so count same-parity pairs a < c.
9DModular ArithmeticThe final s is the 12th s in the message, so it shifts by 1 + 2 + ... + 12 = 78, a multiple of 26, and stays s.
10ATriangles: Area & PythagoreanFixed base BC and fixed area force a fixed height, and the points at a fixed distance from line BC form two parallel lines.
11CCirclesThe circumcenter lies on the altitude to the base; equating its distances to the apex and to a base vertex gives R = 9 sqrt(2)/8.
12DLinear Equations & Word ProblemsN years ago Tom was T - N and the three children together were T - 3N; setting T - N = 2(T - 3N) gives T = 5N.
13DCirclesThe circles meet at (0,0) and (2,2); that chord subtends a right angle at each center, so the lens is two quarter-circle segments.
14CRatios, Percents & AveragesThe group size never changes, so the drop from 40% to 30% of the same total equals the two girls who left: 10% of the group is 2.
15DAngles & PolygonsWrite every angle as a fraction of angle A; the angle sum gives A(1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4) = 360, so A = 172.8.
16CRatios, Percents & AveragesThe class average is a weighted average: 0.1 j + 0.9(83) = 84, so the juniors' common score is j = 93.
17DTriangles: Area & PythagoreanJoining P to the vertices splits the triangle into three pieces whose areas sum to the whole, forcing the altitude to equal 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
18BCirclesThe four outer centers form a square of side 2r whose half-diagonal, r sqrt(2), is the center-to-center distance 1 + r.
19CBasic ProbabilityWhatever column is chosen, the shaded rows in it are either {1,3} or {2,4}, and each of those row-sets has probability exactly 1/2.
20CBasic CountingPick the 3 rows and 3 columns (10 ways each), then match rows to columns in 3! ways: 10 x 10 x 6 = 600.
21BSimilar & Congruent TrianglesThe small triangle above the square is similar to ABC with altitude h - s in place of h = 12/5, so s/5 = (h - s)/h.
22BExpected ValueEach die shows the chosen number with probability 1/4, so the outcomes have probabilities 9/16, 6/16, 1/16 and the payoff sum is (-9 + 6 + 2)/16.
23ESolid GeometryThe top pyramid is a scaled copy; half the surface area means scale factor 1/sqrt 2, so its height is H/sqrt 2 and H - H/sqrt 2 = 2.
24CBases & DigitsDivisibility by 4 forces the ending 44, and digit sum divisible by 9 forces the number of 4's to be a multiple of 9, so n = 4444444944.
25ADiophantine EquationsClearing denominators to 9ab | 9a^2 + 14b^2 and using gcd(a,b) = 1 forces a | 14 and b | 9, and the factor 9 forces 3 | b.

Problems © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. The topic tags, difficulty ratings and key insights on this page are original to this site. No problem statements are reproduced here — each links to its own page.