A frog sitting at the point begins a sequence of jumps, where each jump is parallel to one of the coordinate axes and has length , and the direction of each jump (up, down, right, or left) is chosen independently at random. The sequence ends when the frog reaches a side of the square with vertices and . What is the probability that the sequence of jumps ends on a vertical side of the square?
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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site.