2013 AMC 10B Problem 14
Define . Which of the following describes the set of points for which ?
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Key insight
The equation becomes 2xy(x - y) = 0, which is true when x = 0, when y = 0, or when x = y: three lines.
Solution
1. Write out both sides using the definition :
2. Set them equal and move everything to the left side:
3. Every term contains , so pull it out:
4. A product is exactly when at least one factor is . So a point works when
- (the -axis), or
- (the -axis), or
- (the slanted line through the origin).
5. Test a few points. : both sides are . : both sides are . : both sides are . But : while , so a point off the three lines does not work.
6. These are three different lines.
The answer is .
Why this works
A made-up operation is just an ordinary expression in disguise, and factoring shows what it really says. When a product equals , each factor gives its own set of solutions. Never divide by an expression like that could be zero: each factor you cancel is a whole line of answers thrown away.
Concise solution
A shorter write-up, the way contest solutions are usually written. It may take a different route from the solution above.
First factor the operation: . Then
Setting them equal gives , i.e.
A product is zero when some factor is zero, so the solution set is the union of (the -axis), (the -axis), and . These are three distinct lines, all passing through the origin.
The answer is .
Review in the AoPS books
- Introduction to Algebra, Chapter 11: Special Factorizations (§11.2, §11.3, §11.5)
- Introduction to Geometry, Chapter 17: Analytic Geometry
- Introduction to Algebra, Chapter 22: Special Manipulations
- Introduction to Algebra, Chapter 8: Graphing Lines
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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site.