AMC 10 Step by Step

2013 AMC 10B Problem 14

P11-15~3 minPrint

Define a♣b=a2b−ab2a\clubsuit b=a^2b-ab^2 . Which of the following describes the set of points (x,y)(x, y) for which x♣y=y♣xx\clubsuit y=y\clubsuit x ?

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Key insight

The equation becomes 2xy(x - y) = 0, which is true when x = 0, when y = 0, or when x = y: three lines.

Solution

1. Write out both sides using the definition a♣b=a2b−ab2a \clubsuit b = a^2 b - a b^2:
x♣y=x2y−xy2,y♣x=y2x−yx2.x \clubsuit y = x^2 y - x y^2, \qquad y \clubsuit x = y^2 x - y x^2.
2. Set them equal and move everything to the left side:
x2y−xy2−y2x+yx2=0,that is,2x2y−2xy2=0.x^2 y - x y^2 - y^2 x + y x^2 = 0, \quad\text{that is,}\quad 2x^2 y - 2x y^2 = 0.
3. Every term contains 2xy2xy, so pull it out:
2xy(x−y)=0.2xy(x - y) = 0.
4. A product is 00 exactly when at least one factor is 00. So a point works when
- x=0x = 0 (the yy-axis), or
- y=0y = 0 (the xx-axis), or
- x=yx = y (the slanted line through the origin).
5. Test a few points. (0,7)(0, 7): both sides are 00. (4,0)(4, 0): both sides are 00. (3,3)(3, 3): both sides are 27−27=027 - 27 = 0. But (1,2)(1, 2): 1♣2=2−4=−21 \clubsuit 2 = 2 - 4 = -2 while 2♣1=4−2=22 \clubsuit 1 = 4 - 2 = 2, so a point off the three lines does not work.
6. These are three different lines.

The answer is (E) three lines\boxed{\textbf{(E)}\ \text{three lines}}.

Why this works

A made-up operation is just an ordinary expression in disguise, and factoring shows what it really says. When a product equals 00, each factor gives its own set of solutions. Never divide by an expression like xyxy that could be zero: each factor you cancel is a whole line of answers thrown away.

Concise solution

A shorter write-up, the way contest solutions are usually written. It may take a different route from the solution above.

First factor the operation: a♣b=ab(a−b)a \clubsuit b = ab(a - b). Then
x♣y=xy(x−y),y♣x=yx(y−x)=−xy(x−y).x \clubsuit y = xy(x - y), \qquad y \clubsuit x = yx(y - x) = -xy(x - y).
Setting them equal gives xy(x−y)=−xy(x−y)xy(x - y) = -xy(x - y), i.e.
2xy(x−y)=0.2xy(x - y) = 0.
A product is zero when some factor is zero, so the solution set is the union of x=0x = 0 (the yy-axis), y=0y = 0 (the xx-axis), and x=yx = y. These are three distinct lines, all passing through the origin.

The answer is (E) three lines\boxed{\textbf{(E)}\ \text{three lines}}.

Review in the AoPS books

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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site.