An annulus is the region between two concentric circles. The concentric circles in the figure have radii and , with . Let be a radius of the larger circle, let be tangent to the smaller circle at , and let be the radius of the larger circle that contains . Let , , and . What is the area of the annulus?

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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site. Also appeared as 2004 12B #10.