As shown in the figure, line segment is trisected by points and so that Three semicircles of radius and have their diameters on lie in the same halfplane determined by line , and are tangent to line at and respectively. A circle of radius has its center on The area of the region inside the circle but outside the three semicircles, shaded in the figure, can be expressed in the form where and are positive integers and and are relatively prime. What is ?

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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site.