AMC 10 Step by Step

2003 AMC 10B Problem 1

P1-10~1 minPrint

Which of the following is the same as

2−4+6−8+10−12+143−6+9−12+15−18+21?\frac{2-4+6-8+10-12+14}{3-6+9-12+15-18+21}?

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Key insight

Each number on top is 2 times a counting number and the number right under it is 3 times the same counting number, so the fraction is 2/3.

Solution

1. Look at the top and bottom rows one position at a time: 22 sits over 33, 44 over 66, 66 over 99, and so on up to 1414 over 2121. Each top number is 22 times something and the bottom number is 33 times the same thing.
2. So the top row is 22 times (1−2+3−4+5−6+7)(1-2+3-4+5-6+7) and the bottom row is 33 times the same thing:
2 (1−2+3−4+5−6+7)3 (1−2+3−4+5−6+7).\frac{2\,(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}{3\,(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}.
3. The bracket is not zero: grouping it as (1−2)+(3−4)+(5−6)+7=−1−1−1+7=4(1-2)+(3-4)+(5-6)+7 = -1-1-1+7 = 4. Since it is a nonzero number on top and bottom, it cancels, leaving 23\frac{2}{3}.
4. Check by adding directly. Top: (2−4)+(6−8)+(10−12)+14=−2−2−2+14=8(2-4)+(6-8)+(10-12)+14 = -2-2-2+14 = 8. Bottom: (3−6)+(9−12)+(15−18)+21=−3−3−3+21=12(3-6)+(9-12)+(15-18)+21 = -3-3-3+21 = 12. And 812=23\frac{8}{12} = \frac{2}{3}.

The answer is (C) 23\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{2}{3}}.

Why this works

The top row is just the bottom row shrunk by the same factor, term by term. When every piece of one sum is the same multiple of the matching piece of another sum, the whole sums have that same ratio. Before adding a long row of numbers, check whether it is a copy of another row times a constant.

Concise solution

A shorter write-up, the way contest solutions are usually written. It may take a different route from the solution above.

The numerator is 2⋅1−2⋅2+2⋅3−⋯+2⋅72 \cdot 1 - 2 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 - \cdots + 2 \cdot 7 and the denominator is 3⋅1−3⋅2+3⋅3−⋯+3⋅73 \cdot 1 - 3 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 3 - \cdots + 3 \cdot 7. Factor out the multipliers:
2 (1−2+3−4+5−6+7)3 (1−2+3−4+5−6+7).\frac{2\,(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}{3\,(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}.

The alternating sum 1−2+3−4+5−6+71-2+3-4+5-6+7 equals (1−2)+(3−4)+(5−6)+7=4(1-2)+(3-4)+(5-6)+7 = 4, which is not zero, so it cancels and the fraction equals 23\frac{2}{3}.

As a check, the numerator is (2−4)+(6−8)+(10−12)+14=8(2-4)+(6-8)+(10-12)+14 = 8 and the denominator is (3−6)+(9−12)+(15−18)+21=12(3-6)+(9-12)+(15-18)+21 = 12, and 812=23\frac{8}{12} = \frac{2}{3}.

The answer is (C) 23\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{2}{3}}.

Review in the AoPS books

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Problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA), American Mathematics Competitions. Reproduced for non-commercial educational use. Solution and commentary are original to this site. Also appeared as 2003 12B #1.