Define to be for all real numbers and What is the value of
- A)
- B)
- C)
- D)
- E)
Answer
A
Key insight
Evaluate the innermost diamond first in each half: 1◇(2◇3) = 1◇1 = 0 while (1◇2)◇3 = 1◇3 = 2.
Solution
Work from the inside out.
First half: , then .
Second half: , then .
The difference is .
The answer is .
Why this works
A "defined operation" is just a two-input function; the parentheses tell you exactly which pair to feed in first. The whole point of the problem is that is not associative, so the two groupings give different values. Whenever a custom operator appears, evaluate mechanically and never assume familiar laws (associativity, distributivity) carry over.
The trap
Assuming the operation is associative and answering 0, or dropping the absolute value and getting a sign wrong.
Common mistakes
- Assuming the operation is associative and answering 0, or dropping the absolute value and getting a sign wrong.
- Subtracting in the wrong order at the end and choosing (E) .
Techniques
Set up the equation/formula and compute; no special trick needed