Each row of the Misty Moon Amphitheater has seats. Rows through are reserved for a youth club. How many seats are reserved for this club?
- A)
- B)
- C)
- D)
- E)
Answer
C
Key insight
Rows 12 through 22 means both end rows count, so there are 11 rows, not 10. Then multiply 11 rows by 33 seats.
Solution
1. First count the rows. It is tempting to do , but try a small case to check that idea: rows through are rows , which is rows, while . Subtracting misses one row, because both end rows are included.
2. So rows through are rows. You can also see this by listing them: . That is labels.
3. Each row has seats, so the club gets
seats.
The answer is .
Why this works
When a problem says "from through ," both ends are in the list, so the count is (last minus first) plus one. If you are ever unsure, test the rule on a tiny list you can count by hand, like through . Choice (B) is exactly the answer you get by forgetting the plus one.
The trap
Doing 22 minus 12 = 10 rows and answering 330, which leaves out one of the end rows.
Concise solution
First count the rows. The labels form a list of numbers; one way to see this is to subtract from every label, which turns the list into .
Each of these rows holds seats, so the club gets
seats.
The answer is .
Review in the AoPS books
- Introduction to Counting & Probability, Chapter 1: Counting Is Arithmetic
- Introduction to Counting & Probability, Chapter 2: Basic Counting Techniques
- Introduction to Counting & Probability, Chapter 4: Committees and Combinations
Techniques
Set up the equation/formula and compute; no special trick needed